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Saturday 12th May, 2007

Attack on Gideons’ Hotel Bibles!

Gideon Bible Oh, how offensive! Duh….! I simply have to comment on this politically correct attack on a completely innocent phenomenon; the Gideon Bibles.

Have you noticed how there usually is a New Testament tucked away in a drawer in hotel rooms? These were bought and placed there by the Gideons, a worldwide Christian organisation.

There can be all sorts of reasons why people stay in a hotel. Some of these may co-incide with difficult times in life. Coming across a Bible if you are really low is a great thing.

Ok, Here is the Story:

Major hotel chain Scandic Hotels (hotels throughout Northern Europe) have been doing what all other hotels do. They have recieved the Bibles donated by the Gideons and seen to it that there is a Bible or New Testament in a drawer in ech of their hotel rooms. So far so good.

However during the autumn 2006, a member of the Swedish Humanist Society filed a complaint with Scandic about these Bibles. He felt that the presence of the Bible were offensive to him as a non-Christian, and that it may be percieved as a provocation against individuals belonging to different religions.

An individual from Finland (a member of the Finnish ‘Free Thinkers’ Society’) soon joined the campaign and complained to Scandic Finland that “A bible no more belongs in a hotel room than a cook book does… ”

Scandic Finland talked the matter over and decided to ignore the complaint. This is in line with the state of affairs whereby Finland is a lot less drawn towards the politically correct madness that is prevailing in Sweden at the moment.

Scandic Sweden on the other hand,
decided that the person who complained had a point… They made the statement to say that “People of all faiths are welcome at our hotels. We will therefore remove the Bibles from the hotel rooms.”

No sooner had this happened than a reaction came from the Church of Sweden. (Finally they are showing some spine!) A bishop from the North of Sweden decided that his diocese would boycott Scandic, just as Scandic were boycotting the free gift of the Gideon Bibles. About a hundred hotel reservations from the diocese were cancelled.

At the same time some Christians got wind of the story and decided to join in the boycott. And what happens next? You guessed it!

Scandic was only trying to be PC in the first place. They did not genuinely care one way or the other whether they Bibles were there. It became more trouble than it was worth to remove the Bibles. The church was a valued customer and Scandic had no desire to lose it’s business.
Quaran in hotels Should this book be there too…?
At this point the story was beginning to get attention in local media. Several individuals made inevitable statements along the line of “I have no problem with the Bibles being there, but if they are there, then there should be a Koran, a Bhagavadgita etc, etc…

Oh really! Think before you speak! Have you got any idea how many religions there are in the world, and how many ‘holy’ texts? Where would you draw the line as to which texts to keep in a hotel room? If this idea was incorporated, there would be little space left for a bed in the hotel room! Somebody belonging to some obscure religion would turn up and demand (on principle) that the holy text of his religion must be present…

Even if you draw the line at a few major religions; who would pay for these texts? The Gideon Bibles had been donated through a long established charity set up exclusively for this purpose. I’d be very surprised if there even was such a charity for distributing the Koran or any other holy texts. Suddenly the political correctness would have a hefty price for Scandic, and they’d probably not be keen any more.

Or perhaps the whole initiative ought to be subsidised by the State (using tax money) like everything else in Sweden. It wouldn’t be the first crazy PC project that Swedish tax payers had to shell out for!
Porn videos in hotels What’s more offensive?
The Bible or porn?

The PC debate moved forward, taking a turn towards a more worthwhile issue (if you ask me); The availability of pornography films / TV channels in all of Scandic’s hotel rooms.

(I don’t know how common this is throughout the world, but in every hotel I’ve stayed at in Sweden, the porn channels and pay-per-view films have been present… As a woman I do not approve and I would much prefer it if these channels were removed. I don’t like having to flick through these channels as I am looking for a news channel or a good film! As you may have guessed the name of the films rented are never listed on Scandic’s bills…)

Scandic has no plans of changing their policy with regards to porn. Sadly most women are so used to it being around that they simply choose to ignore it. Otherwise it would have been great fun to see Scandic’s reaction as women boycott them on principle… As a hotel I didn’t like Scandic to start with to be honest; but I like them even less now.

So here is a summary of Scandic’s reactions:
First they took the PC way out when recieving a complaint about the Bibles. Then when it turned out that the decision would lose them business, they did 360 degree turnaround. Their political correctness was only valid when the decision was related to the non-profit making Bibles. Since they make a fair bit of money from the pay-per-view porn, they are unwilling to even discuss the matter of porn in hotel rooms!

Scandic is owned by Hilton. Scandic is now ‘in discussions’ with the Gideons about how to make sure that Bibles are available again. I wonder what they did to the Bibles that they originally removed?

Blink It
Tuesday 8th May, 2007

Swedish Politics (for Dummies …)

Sweden has eight political parties with some level of actual political influence. A party needs a minimum of 4% of the total number votes to get represented in the Swedish parliament. Some of the smaller parties are constantly balancing on that 4% border. There is a general election every three years.

There are two coalitions in Swedish politics;

  • The ‘Left’ which includes the Social Democratic party and the Leftist (formerly Communist) party.
  • The ‘Right’ (which goes under the name of ‘The Alliance’) includes the ‘Moderate Conservatives’ as well as the ‘People’s Liberal Party’, the ‘Christian Democrats’ and the ‘Centre Party’.

    Notice how every one of these political parties have names that implicitly say; ‘Please note that we are not really right-wing!’ I am talking about the ‘People’ bit, the ‘Moderate’ bit and the ‘Centre’ bit…? This should give you some idea of what the political climate is like in Sweden.

There are two parties that are un-affilliated with either voting block. Those are:

  • The Green party is leaning more to the left, but is officially unaffiliated with either side.
  • The Swedish Democratic Party, on the other hand, is very clearly leaning to the right on most issues. It occasionally veers over into socialist territory when talking about re-instating the values of ‘Folkhemmet’ (Literally ‘The home of the People’ – a term traditionally used to describe the Swedish welfare state). However this party has not been invited to join either of the two coalitions…

Although the parties listed supposedly reflect the full scale of political opinions, it should be pointed out that in Sweden, that scale itself is quite significantly biased towards the left… This means that the Right would really be Centre / Middle ground in any other country.

The Left on the other hand is promoting socialism-inspired policies that would be unthinkable in either the UK or the US for instance.

Here is a very subjective run-down of the parties…. Feel free to express your reaction! I have included links to the English language web-pages of the parties listed, should you find my summary too biased or ill-informed… If you are a Swedish person who is more up-to-date than me, please feel free to correct me!

Logo and Link Summary

The Environment Party, Greens




Miljöpartiet de Gröna

Although I care enormously about the environment, I do not like Sweden’s Green Party. That is because their policies are very clearly socialist in addition to being Green. Also they often give a very unprofessional impression in almost everything they do. They seem un-rehearsed, ill-informed and plain confused about matters that they really ought to master as a parliament party. In a climate where environmentalists are considered on the fringe, they really need to make an effort to prove that they are not that at all.
Many of their ideas used not to be too thoroughly researched. It’s possible this has changed over the last 5 years or so thought?

I really do like
the fact that they draw attention to environmental issues! And I’d rather they existed in their current form than not at all. This party has more influence than what is normally expected, due to the fact that it is not associated with either of the two main voting blocks (coalitions). This means that their vote can change the outcome as all the other parties vote according to the official party line.

The Environment Party was against Sweden joining the EU. 5% voted for them.

The Moderates




Moderata Samlingspartiet
Formerly The Conservative Party

This is the supposedly conservative and possibly ‘new-labour-style’ party in Swedish politics. It’s the second largest party after the Social Democrates.

The Moderates have been almost constantly in opposition for the last 80 years and I think it is fair to say that they never really had a fair chance at proving themselves. They had at the most three years in office before being beaten again by the Social Democrats.

The Moderates are for increased choice in matters like education, healthcare and similar. (These were almost exclusively run by the state during the 20th century in Sweden.) They usually speak up for lowering the tax burden which is extremely high in Sweden.

As a student I was concerned that the Moderates did not care sufficiently about the environment. The Moderates were in favour of Sweden joining the EU since as far back as the 1970s.. 26% voted for them in 2006.

The Centre Party




Centerpartiet
Formerly the Farmer’s Party

“The Conservative, Environmental Alternative”. (Party slogan)
This party’s voters are mainly rural people or farmers. The Centre party is quite environmentally focussed (as long as the measures in question do not negatively affect the farmers…)

They are probably almost every bit as conservative on the traditional scale as the Moderates. They have always been in favour of Sweden joining the EU, bearing in mind that the EU is a walking talking Santa Claus to the farmers of Sweden.

Ask and ye shall recieve… The Centre Party got 7% of votes in 2006.

Swedish Democrats




Sverigedemokraterna

This party was founded partly as a reaction to the somewhat poorly planned mass-immigration that has taken place in Sweden from 1980s to present.

Although this party has a policy on most matters and really does not appear to hold any seriously extreme opinions about immigration, it is perceived as a one-issue-party. To put it mildly, this party is completely vilified by virtually all Swedish media and made out to be racists. Whether they really are or not, I don’t know but I have never heard or read anything actually racist coming from them. Interestingly, quite a few people with distinctly non-Swedish names are listed as party functionaries on the website.

This party simply dares to question the existing policy on immigration, but nobody who publically admitted to being a supporter could get a job anywhere outside of politics. It also values Swedish traditions and culture. It has attempted to raise the profile of traditionally Christian values such as abortion.

However, unfortunately for SD being patriotic/nationalistic is very negatively loaded in Sweden today. Very tragic and somewhat pathetic if you ask me! I think it is a matter of time until this party gets represented in the Parliament. They got 3% of votes in 2006.

People’s Liberal Party





Folkpartiet Liberalerna

Another party to the right of the scale (although slightly less so than the Moderates).

This party is a bit confusing.
The name which is always shortened to ‘People’s party’ gives you associations with socialism, doesn’t it? It is just an odd and very non-descriptive name.. And another problem further complicates people’s perception:
There are two camps in this party; traditional liberals inspired by Adam Smith, JM Keynes etc, and the more socialist inclined members who are not far removed in their opinions from the social democrats.

This confusion as to exactly what the party stands for means it hasn’t done very well lately, despite actually being filled to the rim with extremely talented, well-meaning and intelligent people. I think it is a bit too academic and ‘bland’ to appeal to a large enough group of voters.

This party has always been a strong supporter of the EU and got 6% of votes in 2006.

Social Democrats




Socialdemokraterna
Formerly Socialist Worker’s Party

This party is like a chameleon in its ability to change according to the climate in society. Political correctness tinted with varying degrees of socialism has always been its specialty. Lately it has added a bit of New Labour to the mix, privatising some government own businesses with varying success.

The Social Democratic party always gets the most votes of any party in the general elections, however in last year’s election it didn’t quite get enough votes to be able to form the majority together with the Leftist party as usual. Being in opposition will be a new experience to this party!

The almost un-interrupted reign of the Social Democrats means that they have ‘perpetuated’ themselves in every part of society, having appointed local county leaders, mayors, bishops, university chancellors and shaped education for close to 100 years. A very large percentage of the population are financially dependent on the state benefits which the Social Democrats specialise in and support. Clever huh? Vote for anybody else and you’ll lose your home… !

The Christian Democrats





Kristdemokraterna

Nobody in this party would mention a certain name starting with “J” in public.. Sweden is seriously secular and this party is constantly worried about being labelled by media as too Christian (=backwards, loony and potentially fundamentalist… )

Hence the Christian Democrats dare not take a stand on issues like abortion, or stand up for any traditionally Christian values. Their Christian foundation is the cuddly feel-good version of Christianity, the version that is 50% humanism and 50% ‘ pick ‘n choose’ from the Bible…

Many of the CD voters are older, hence CD’s position on issues relating to senior citizens are particularly well thought through.

I think this party ought to change it’s name since it doesn’t stand fo any real Christian values.

Leftist Party




Vänsterpartiet

Formerly the Communist Party

This party lost all my respect when, shortly after the fall of the Wall, they dropped the name ‘Comunists’ and made a statement to the extent that they had never really been Communists at all!
I was in my teens, but I was totally flabbergasted at nerve of them. I had personally heard them singing the ‘Internationale’ and carrying sickle and star red banners… (And who was that boarding the ferry to Leningrad and vacationing at the Black Sea…?)

What a bunch of sell-outs!

For the last 15 years, the main purposes of the Leftist party seem to have been supporting Social Democratic governments, promoting the creation of additional jobs in state-owned businesses, lobbying for an increased intake of refugees and for additional government benefits to the less well off. They also criticize the EU on just about everything it does, and lobby (successfully) against Sweden adopting the Euro.

Lots of choice here! I voted for the Centre Party once, and another time for the Liberals. Last time there was an election I didn’t make it to the Swedish Embassy in London on time, due to delays on the Underground!

If I had been allowed to vote at 16 I am sure I would have voted for some anarchist party… I was quite the revolutionary. I was voted “Most likely to join a hippie commune” and “Most progressive” that year….

At university I studied Social Work, Psychology and Political Science….
So what would I vote for today….? Well that’s what I am leading up to. I think it it will be in the next post.

Blink It
Thursday 3rd May, 2007

Valborgsmässoafton – Walpurgis

This fascinating Northern European traditional celebration takes place on the 30th April every year.
Valborg eld A Walpurgis Bonfire
Like with many of our traditional celebrations, it’s origins are subject to debate. Some say that the day was celebrated as far back as the days of the Vikings. In those days it was a spring ritual incorporating fertility rites of various kinds.

Others say that the day celebrated is in memory of St Walburga, a nun who fought witchcraft and pre-Christian traditions in Germany in the 8th century.

The truth is probably a mixture of both; The Vikings did indeed have a spring celebration. The timing of Walpurgis is just perfect for that, bearing in mind the climate and seasons in Scandinavia.

The Vikings are also known to have had a strong belief in fertility rites. It all adds up to the conclusion that this holiday is the usual European mixture of pre- and post Christian rites.

As it is known under the name of ‘Valborg’, it is obvious that the festival is now connected with St Walburga.

How is ‘Valborgsmässoafton’ celebrated?

Attending a huge bonfire is the traditional way of celebrating this holiday.
Valborgseld Adding to the bonfire
During the weeks leading up to Walpurgis, there is usually a local designated fire-place locally, to which people carry things they no longer need, that are suitable for burning. This may be anything from wooden furniture to used cardboard or garden waste.

As the time gets closer, branches, twigs and bushes that have been cut down are added to the bonfire. Everybody is hoping that it won’t rain, as this would ruin the bonfire!

Really, anything else that will burn well can be added to the Walpurgis bonfire. However, during recent years it has become common for the fire brigade to inspect the bonfires before they are lit.

There have been instances of hazardous or other unsuitable material being added, causing accidents whereby people get poisoned by the gases from toxic material or hurt by material that explodes when it catches fire.
Valborgseld Valborg in Stockholm
As the sun goes down, the fire is lit, usually by a prominent member of the local community. For small local bonfires, it is simply the job of one of the men who contributed with material. Sometimes individuals who have proven themselves very brave or competent in some are get the honours.

Once the fire has caught on, there is usually a bit of communal singing. Sometimes a local choir will also participate, making all the difference when it comes to the quality of the singing.

The most common song that it sung
on this occassion celebrates the departure of winter and the arrival of summer. It is called ‘Vintern rasat ut bland våra fjällar…” and it is known to everybody as it is taught in schools. Sometimes child-friendly songs with more accessible lyrics are chosen.
Valborgseld A Family Bonfire
The weather is usually still quite chilly at this time of the year in Scandinavia. Since the bonfires are usually held on commons, by the water somewhere, or in a park, participants tend to be in rubberboots and hard-wearing clothes. The event is decidedly un-glamourous.

Grilling hot dogs and and other snacks is also usually a feature of the celebration. Sometimes games are arranged for the children.

Footnote: The Witch Connection

There is a strong connection between Walpurgis night and witches. The exact connection isn’t really known to anybody, but I’ll try to put a bit of context around it;
witch flying             A witch gets a ride..
Witches feature quite heavily in Swedish folklore. This may be because Scandinavia came to Christianity later than the rest of Europe. At the far Northern outskirts of the continent, old traditions died hard…

It is believed today that the so-called witches were little more than ‘wise’ old (often unmarried) women with some medical / midwifery skills.

They were inclined to listen and counsel those who sought their advice in connection with health problems, matters of the heart or various psychological problems.

The witch would then provide a recommended approach to the problem, perhaps involving rituals, herbal potions or simply some practical advice on how to handle a tricky situation.
A witch and her master A witch and her master
However, between around 1400 to 1750, women engaging in such practices were persecuted throughout Northern Europe, put on trial, and subsequently executed if found guilty.

As the trials and means of extracting confessions were both unfair and biased. there were plenty of ‘guilty’ verdicts and executions. Approximately 50 000 people were executed throughout Europe before the practice ended.

The public witch trials and fabricated ‘confessions’ succeeded in creating a great myth and fear surrounding witches. The public were told that witches had confessed to being in cohorts with the devil and having sold their soul to him.

Under torture, those accused ‘admitted’ to participating in child-sacrifices, the poisoning of farm animals, putting death-spells on their neighbours and having intercourse with the devil.

In some cases there is some evidence pointing to some of these women possibly having had pre-Christian beliefs. But largely it was probably untrue and at any rate, this ought not to have been a crime punishable by death.
Blå Jungfrun Blå Jungfrun, where the witches travel….
One odd details is that a large number of Swedish ‘witches’ confessed to having flown by means of magic to the island of ‘Blåkulla(also called Blå Junfrun – the Blue Maiden), an un-inhabited, mist covered, cone-shaped island east of the Swedish mainland. There they participated in orgies with the devil…
Blå Jungfrun labyrint Rare photo of the maze
Interestingly there is an ancient stone maze of unknown origin on the island…Stone mazes are said to be related to fertility rites… Up until quite recently local people refused to have anything to do with the island, claiming it was evil.

Suffice to say there was a very strong fear of witches and their powers. People wanted to protect themselves. Walpurgis night is said to be effective against the power and influence of the witches. Those participating in the celebrations become protected. Something in the fire and the song reduces the strength of their curses and spells.

Celebrating the memory of Walpurga and her struggle against witchcraft also adds to the protection. I couldn’t explain it more in details than that because I am not aware that any more details of this ‘magic’ are known.

University Students’ Celebrations

Valborg is also the day of the students.
Valborgsfirande Uppsala Student Celebrations; Rafting.. On this day, champaigne breakfasts outdoors are arranged for university students; speeches, a traditional luncheon and plenty of choir singing all take place throughout the day.

On Valborg, university students often wear their traditional white and black hats and participate in competitions such as building and sailing a raft on a river that runs through a university town (such as Uppsala or Lund)

The Modern, not so Dignified celebrations…

Police and Fire services are on full standby on Valborg, as this night is a favourite for trouble-makers… Teenagers too young to participate in university or adult celebrations, but too old to accompany their parents to a family oriented bonfire roam the city centres looking for trouble…
Valborgsfirande More informal celebrations….
On this night it is now almost compulsory to get drunk, have a spontaneous bonfire or even put somebody else’s private property on fire.

Together with New Year’s Eve and St Lucia it is the Police force’s least favourite holiday. Since the police is fully occupied monitoring youth gangs, and the adults are out by the bonfire, it is prime-time for house burglaries.

My own Walpurgis memories

My strongest memories of celebrating Valborg is from my childhood when I would attend a traditional bonfire with my parents.
St Per, SigtunaSt Per” A church ruin
in Sigtuna. Haunted!

Later when I was at boarding school, we’d first attend the school sponsored bonfire (usually already somewhat drunk, but obviously not visibly so…) We’d sing, listen to a semi-religious talk before going back to our Houses (dorms) There we’d go through with the ‘lights-out’ routine, wait an our or so, then sneak out through a window after having carefully arranged our beds to look like there was somebody in them.

At the shore of a nearby lake we then had our own celebration, playing music, drinking moonshine, making out, going for an icy swim, telling ghost stories and eating grilled meat and sausages…

I have a very strong memory of having to walk the distance back to school from the beach alone for some reason….

Somebody had been telling stories about local ghosts and witchcraft. I was very, very scared and thought that every bush was moving. I was fully expecting the local witches’ ghost to attack me, or the three legged ghost-horse.
Scared of ghosts and WitchesScared of ghosts and witches….
There sky was glowing faintly from the approaching dawn. It’s colour was unusual and seemed magical. The meadows and fields that I had to cross were covered with mist.

It was a well known fact that Sigtuna had had more than its’ fair share of Viking and medieval mystery… I was reciting Our Father and everything else I could think of as I made my way back to school. These were some really awful ghost stories, involving buildings that were still standing.

I have never been so happy to get back into my own bed as I was that night..!
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Sunday 8th April, 2007

Easter in Sweden and Elsewhere

Easter Egg Typical Swedish Easter Egg So many people don’t remember why we celebrate Easter, or even how to celebrate it! I discovered this at work when we were discussing the long holiday ahead (Four days, Fri-Mon).

Several people didn’t quite know why Easter is celebrated, and in particular, they didn’t know why Good Friday is a holiday. And these are Western Europeans who grew up in a Christian country!

In my country, Sweden, Easter is a very well liked holiday as it occurs just when the spring arrives in the middle (largest) part of the country. There are all sorts of traditions associated with it that certainly don’t exist here in England.
Easter Witches Swedish Children being Easter Witches…
To start with, there is the Easter Witch tradition. On Easter Eve, children dress up as witches and go knocking on doors to beg for sweets (a bit like Halloween in the US, I guess.)

The witch costume is normally a long wide dress or skirt, a shawl to cover your head, like an old fashioned peasant, a broom and a basket or coffee pot to put the sweets in. The children also like to use charcoal and lipstick to make themselves look ugly, like a witch! More on witches in a later post, they play a really large part in Swedish folklore.
Easter Twigs Easter Twigs with Feathers, outdoors
Another tradition that I have not noticed anywhere else is the Easter Twigs tradition. At around Lent, people pick twigs from birch trees or other trees and attach feathers to the twigs. The twigs are then kept in a vase until Easter at which point little leaves have started to develop. Just before Easter the twigs get re-decorated with miniature easter eggs and other decorations.

Some people in Sweden eat lamb during Easter, but it is not as strong a tradition there as it is in England, for example. A lot of people just eat traditional Swedish dishes like herring, salmon, meatballs, potato-gratin with anshovis etc.
Easter Eggs, Painted Boiled and hand-painted eggs
But one important food-item that nobody forgets is the eggs! People with children and people with a strong sense of traditions tend to make painted boiled eggs. The eggs are painted with water colours if you take a basic approach.

If you want to be really traditional there are all manner of sophisticated ways of decorating the eggs after they have been boiled. I remember trying a few in cooking classes in school and it was great fun. As a child I remember painting them with water colours. I also remember eating five or so in one go!

There is also a tradition that is more common all around the world: The hunt for easter eggs! I am sure that must happen outside Scandinavia. Swedish Easter eggs are normally made of papier-maché and are filled with sweets according to the recipients taste. Many people in Sweden like licorice and a type of peppermint-sweet that is made regionally in Sweden. Personally I like chocolate!
Easter Witches Easter Twigs, re-decorated…
One character associated with Easter that I have never really understood is the Easter Bunny. Where does he come from, why a bunny and how did the tradition start? A quick look in Wikipedia revealed that he was originally called the March hare and similar around Europe and his role was related to pre-christian fertility rites… Oh my! He was later commercialised by the Americans (now there is a surprise! ;-)) and only reached his current level of fame in the mid 20th century.

This brings me back to my origial point: The fact that most people don’t care about the relationship between Christ and Easter. They’re just in it for the food, sweets and days off work… But on Good Friday we should remember Jesus’ suffering and death that would free us from our sins. On Easter Sunday we should celebrate his resurrection and the message of hope and joy that it brought.
Jesus Resurrected Ok, maybe some facts are slightly hyped…
But don’t let that distract you!

I was not brought up a Christian, but after much thinking about it, I have come to the conclusion that I am a Christian and that I more or less want to believe in the Bible as the foundation for how I live my life.

If you are like me, an average Western person mainly pre-occupied with material success and that illusive phenomenon, love, then I would like to encourage you to investigate Christianity further.

It really is a lot better than it’s cracked up to be in contemporary society. Christians are not fanatical, uneducated idiots and the Bible is not a story book that rambles on about irrelevant events. Quite the opposite!

Christians are generally nicer and more interesting than most people. The Bible is like a Pandoras box. The more you learn about it, the more it starts to make sense.

I am a techie, a computer programmer, I promise you I do not believe in, or approve of nonsense. The Bible runs as intelligently as a very well written function in C++ … Probably better !

Where am I going with this? Well I just wish people would remember that along with all the folklore, the sweets, the food and the days off work or school there is another message coming from Easter: Jesus died for our sins and was re-surrected again from the dead.
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Thursday 15th March, 2007

Growing up a Unisex Girl….

As a young child in Sweden in the late ‘70s-‘80s, I was never conscious of any differences between boys and girls. Well, there were the holidays, when I got to wear a pretty dress rather than my normal dungarees. Then there was the fact that I wore my hair long and had to curtsy as opposed to bow to my older relatives. These things set me apart as a girl. But that was it!
unisex baby?! It’s actually a girl!The toys I had, and enjoyed playing with, were mainly ‘unisex’ ones, such as Lego, Brio, Fisher-Price etc. (I am not complaining about that though!)

Gender in Story Books

I quite enjoyed fairy tales featuring beautiful princesses. However it was very clear that they lived in a different world, a different time. I did not identify with them. I knew I was a modern child.

The story-book children I did identify with were usually ‘modern’ children of either gender. The setting would often be on something politically correct, such as a single shift-working father trying buying a pink rabbit for his little son. (I am not joking, there really is a popular series of children’s books in that setting, see picture below.)
PC childrens book On his way to the daycare center…
This PC series is best-selling in Sweden.

My nursery school was in an old building, and part of it had not been ‘modernised’. There was a corner in the old section of the building which held book cases with some older children’s books. These books held a fascination for me. They were well-worn, a bit fragile and quite different from the books I was used to. Being a book-lover even at a young age, I spent a lot of time in that corner, browsing through the old books, many of which were the famous children’s classics by Elsa Beskow, or religious books with a moral theme.
1930s Boy But I couldn’t help loving these
picture books by Elsa Beskow!

I loved the detailed and colourful pictures of ‘Mother’ in an apron in the kitchen, and ‘Father’ with his hat on, on his way to work! It somehow seemed more appropriate than the scenarios in some of the modern books. The little boys and girls in the pictures would wear different clothes and the mother would produce wonderful teas in the kitchen. (And the cute dog was called Spot and had his own dog house!)

When I asked the teacher at the state nursery if we could read from these books instead of the modern ones, the answer was ‘no’. Instead we got more of the politically correct books about children in single-parent families, refugee children etc. Perhaps I am exaggerating a bit in this, but I think children should be presented with desirable ideals, not unfortunate compromises such as one-parent families.

There was constant talk even in nursery school about how traditional split of work between the genders must stop. There certainly was no question of having pretty dolls for girls to play with; we all played with nice but very gender-neutral toys. I suppose there was a slight bias towards the kinds of toys you’d traditionally give to a boy actually. We played a lot outside, building snow houses or huts where we played house.

Following the constant talk about the division of labour in the home, I remember forgetting totally that my father was doing very long hours in the office and supporting a family of five. Instead I narrowed in on the fact that he wasn’t pulling his weight in the area of household work. I often asked him “Daddy, why don’t YOU cook dinner tonight? It was the sort of question that children in the PC story books would ask. It’s funny how it never occurred to me that his work, including travel and plenty of stress, meant that he was ‘spent’ by the time he came home.
1930s girl Picture of a girl in a
Reader by Elsa Beskow

I was very unimpressed by my mother who belonged to the extremely small minority of Swedish women who did not work outside the home. At some point I must have been taught that women who were housewives did so because they were lazy. It was frowned upon as something bourgeois at any rate. I was quite embarrassed she didn’t work and wished she’d get a job so I could join the ‘after-school care centre’ which practically all of my classmates attended.

My mother told me she chose not to work because it was better for us children and because running a household to a high standard was a full-time job anyway. I thought she was misguided, but didn’t pursue it. Having a mother who didn’t work set me apart and I didn’t like it.

I also believed that my grandmother was horrendously exploited by my grandfather because she did all household work in their home. When I raised this with her and she didn’t seem to agree that it was a problem, I put it down to the fact that she had been brainwashed her entire life…
Pollyanna, a girl Different time, different values…

Discovering ‘Girlie-ness’..

As I got older and was able to read myself, I discovered the “girls’ books” genre. I read with great pleasure such books as ‘Pollyanna’, ‘The Secret Garden’, ‘Anne of Green Gables’ and countless others. Gradually I started to notice that the heroines of these books generally put a big emphasis on being girls and on taking pride in that. It was something I had never done. I started having a feeling I was somehow missing out on the experience of being a girl.
Spanish Girl A Spanish Girl
Nicer than brown dungarees!

When going abroad to Southern Europe, I noticed that little girls there usually wore skirts and frequently even pretty dresses. I and my friends very rarely did. In fact I very rarely wore traditionally girly clothes at all. My parents told me that the Southern Europeans wore such clothes because they were old-fashioned, religious and couldn’t afford much clothes anyway. They made all these things sound very bad, which I as a child of course latched on to.

I also dreamed of wearing pink, or perhaps yellow clothes. But looking at photos, it would appear I was mainly in brown corduroy or navy cotton! (I’ve noticed that little girls in Sweden wear much more pink now. I am sure they are pleased about that!) I remember fantasizing about being asked to be a bridesmaid so I could wear a frilly dress and carry a bouquet of pretty cut flowers!

I was aware though that I was not supposed to want such things. You can’t climb trees and fences as well in a skirt as in trousers, so there was no rational reason for preferring it! How much easier it would have been if I had had developed an interest in car engines and felt a desire to wear more jeans (my mother disapproved of jeans and wouldn’t let me wear it!) Much ‘healthier’ and more PC!

In the ‘Narnia’ books
which I loved over any other books that I owned, CS Lewis occasionally pointed out the differences between the boys and the girls in the story.
Narnia Illustration Girls will be girls in Narnia…!
Although I was not aware at the time of Lewis as anything other than a great story-teller, I noticed that throughout the series he was actually actively encouraging the girls to be more feminine and the boys to be more masculine. How very odd! Quite the opposite to anything that I had ever experienced! I wasn’t sure what to make of it.

By now, boys around me were starting to change. I could no longer win a game of wrestling against my younger brother. Unbelievable! I found it very hard to accept that he won because he was simply stronger than me, and that there wasn’t anything I could do about it. How unfair! My brother eventually told me that he didn’t want to wrestle with me any further!

Cheated! There IS a Difference!

When I started getting breasts and boys started changing their voices I felt somehow cheated.. There wasn’t supposed to be any difference between boys and girls! But we all started changing to be more and more different. The boys were getting violent, always fighting each other. They seemed to enjoy watching and teasing us girls while we started becoming interested in fashion, make-up and pop music.
unisex baby?! Boys are different…
When boys started showing an awkward, partly teasing and/or violent interest in me I got scared. It became clear to me that they were very different from me and the other girls. They seemed unpredictable. A boy could be very nice one minute, the next minute pull my braids and call me names. I was totally unprepared for it. I was intimidated by the unknown, and felt it safer to stay away.

By now I was at boarding school
and didn’t have any adults to turn to for discussing any of this. I lived in a girls’ house (dorm) and spent my spare time with my girlfriends.

The girls’ houses at school were nice and quite cosy
. There was (usually) a sisterly athmosphere and the place was nicely decorated. The boys’ houses on the other hand were sparsely decorated, quite dark and gloomy and when I visited it always appeared as if everything was broken!
Boys Common Room at a public school 20 x this = chaos!
Visiting a boys’ house felt like visiting another planet. You certainly became quite aware you were at an institution (of learning). Usually one of the first thing you’d see was miscellaneous trophies won by the house in various sports. You might also see sports paraphernalia and things like the stuffed head of a moose or deer on the wall. Then you’d see paintings of impressive-looking benefactors or old boys. The next thing you’d notice was a smashed door panel somewhere, or a stairs banister that was loosing a few decorative bits! Quite frequently you’d hear some young boy being told off in no uncertain terms.. All and all, entering the boys’ houses was entering a different world!

(Attending this school was about as politically incorrect as you could get in Sweden at the time. The school was private and expensive. Media hated it and there were frequently negative stories about it in the press. It was (is) however the elite school in the country, originally a boys school. (Same sex education is illegal in Sweden, hence girls have been allowed since the 60s.))
Public School Common Room Older Boys: Kept order using the fist…
There were also frequent stories of beatings taking place in the boys’ houses. Older boys would beat younger boys for any of a number of ‘crimes’. From time to time my male classmates would have the bruises to prove it. Usually they bragged about them and how much beatings they could take. Us girls would listen and chip in the occassional “Oh but that’s awful…!”

All of this seemed very alien and completely uncivilized to me. Nothing like that was going on in the girls’ houses. The very obvious differences between me and my girlfriends and our male classmates were obvious, and made me even more confused about boys. Like any sensible person I stayed away from the unknown…!

Another development was that I had discovered that my best topics in school were Sewing, Home Economics and Art! How embarrassing! I was best at all the ‘girly’ subjects (but had mediocre grades in everything else…)

My father was extremely un-impressed and told to me to get my Maths and English grades up. But since I never actually made any conscious effort to study and learn, I only had top grades in the subjects I was naturally good at!)
Home Economics Errm, *blush*, this was one
of my best subjects.

Sewing is fun?!

At school, there was regularly a requirement for girls to wear a skirt and boys to wear a jacket and tie. The school was basically a bit traditional, a very negatively charged word in Sweden. This was the first time I experienced a body of authority setting different rules between boys and girls. I could hardly believe my ears. How dared they! Also, girls were automatically signed up for sewing and cooking classes. (The boys did some equivalent class; I have forgotten what it was.)

Along with several other girls I felt it was my duty to protest against the ‘discrimination’ regarding the sewing… We were brought up to jump at this sort of thing and many of us most certainly did! The school paid no attention though, and in the end, the whole thing faded away. The truth of the matter was that everybody thoroughly enjoyed the sewing classes! They became a highlight of the schedule as the teacher was kind and knowledgeable and you could chat and gossip as much as you liked during the ‘lesson’… Anybody who remotely applied themselves was able to secure a decent grade. As a grown up woman it is absolutely invaluable to be proficient in sewing.

Living with 40 other girls and a matron, I started reflecting on what it meant to be a woman as opposed to a man. How men and women are different and why the traditional gender roles differ so much. Previously I had only ever been encouraged to think of how I could be more like boys, and to watch out for any ‘discrimination’.

The matron was very strict on the boys
, only letting them visit in the drawing room! She said !”At that age they’re all beasts, really! You girls are better off without them!” Any boy who didn’t behave like a perfect gentleman got thrown or bad-mouthed by her. A few select ones managed to pass her muster and got permission to stay and chat to us. I liked it that my virtue was something worth protecting. My own parents and state school had not seemed to think that my virtue mattered. I knew that matron only wanted to protect us because ultimately it was a good thing. She was very clear on wanting the best for us in all areas. It had nothing to do with ‘oppression’ or anything along those lines.

On Female Virtue: Girls are Different!

If boys and girls are the same, then where does that leave the girls when it comes to sex? Here is how it works out: It is the the male norm that goes…. (Meaning that it is assumed that girls should be as interested in it as boys are!)
State School Girls Different situation in the rest of society….
The childhood friends I kept in touch with, and who were at state school, pretty much all lost their virginity at 13-15, usually while drunk. (How can this be desirable?) This was due to a combination of peer pressure and a lack of motivation to hold back. I much preferred my own situation over theirs. I liked it that my virtue was something worth protecting; not something embarrassing and outdated that you should get rid of as soon as you could, so that you could be ‘modern’ and ‘liberated’…

At state schools where they were bombarded with information about contraception, abortion etc, I guess they must have felt odd if they didn’t take advantage of these offers… ! I remember a friend laughing scornfully when I didn’t know that condoms were available with different ‘flavours’ at the age of 14. Now, why should a 14 year old girl know that? My friend expressed shock and outrage at my supposed “oppressed” and disadvantaged predicament. Why was I not aware of this, and who had denied me this important piece of information. (I had only the basic sex ed, skipping the extras, I guess).

Eventually I told my state school friends that I lost my virginity at 13 (this was not true..) and that it had been a bad experience, hence I did not want to talk about it… That lie saved me from being hassled about it further and improved my street cred a bit. When pressed for details I just repeated something from TV.
State School Girls Check her finger. I guess they think
it’s cool to be drunk on town.

My friends certainly did not have intimate relationships because it gave them physical pleasure.(In fact, there was even bragging about what a pain in the neck it was but how they did it anyway. They felt they had to do it though, so they wouldn’t loose the guy…) The reasons probably had to do mainly with peer-pressure and because it was the norm. It was expected.(No doubt it became more enjoyable as they grew older, but wouldn’t it have been nice not to have these unpleasant experiences from their teenage years?)

The state of affairs at my boarding school were different. The rules there were intended to discourage contact between the sexes outside of the school day. You can imagine the reasons. But in a mixed school, contact is inevitable. The feeling about this among the girls was that it was if you really wanted to have a boyfriend, you should. But it was generally better to wait. If somebody didn’t wait she wasn’t harshly judged by her peers though, unless she had multiple boyfriends over a short period of time. (That was bad for the reputation of the house. The girl in question would be ostracized until she changed her ways or quit the school.) I suppose this school was still operating under 1950s or 60s standards on dating.

An American girl who was in my year wore a silver ring that she said she’d keep on until she lost her virginity (ideally on her wedding night). I was quite fascinated by the idea and she said several friends of hers in the States wore similar rings; it was a trend. She graduated with the ring on at 19 and I was impressed by this environment in which girls were strongly encouraged not have relationships at all until grown up. It’s rather surprising that her parents sent her to school in a country that they must have been aware is quite liberal on these things.
My school's library (This picture is from my actual school, last year!)
We did not really get up to much trouble - I am lucky to have gone there.

Judging from my experience at boarding school; my conclusion was that if left alone or actively discouraged, most girls are more than happy to abstain until their late teens. To expect them to take the same amount of interest in sex as boys do is just stupid. The matter isn’t high enough on a teenage girl’s agenda.

The negative experiences of my friends told me that this is the way it should be. Going down to the Catholic countries of Southern Europe, these are the morals that are being taught, that they majority abide by. In most of religious America it seems to be the same, although I only know that from TV. However for us in Northern Europe and particularly Sweden, things have been turned upside down on this matter!

Conclusion

It started becoming increasingly clear to me as if man and woman are two pieces of a puzzle that fit together because they are essentially differently shaped… That their physique and psyche complemented rather than duplicated eachother. The idea that they are identical pieces seemed to me as a tremendous misconception and I was terribly irritated at having been fed an incorrect version of things all through my childhood. What I had been told simply wasn’t true. All my recent experienced showed that men and women were different and that men could no less be like women than women could be like men.

Since I wouldn’t want a man who behaves and looks like a woman, it makes sense that a man wouldn’t want a woman who behaves and looks like a man! True?

Why this ridiculous pretense that we are the same, when we very obviously are not? If I had been brought up more as a girl/woman instead of a gender-neutral being, I would have been stronger and more confident as a woman today! As it is, I had to discover the hard way that I was not the same as a man in a multitude of ways. I spent many years at work, trying to emulate an ‘alpha’ male in my behaviour… (This is called ‘having leadership skills - I wanted it as I work in IT and had management aspirations.). It feels a bit pathetic how I tried to emulated a male behaviour, really.
Embrading each other Equal but different…Eventually I decided that I didn’t actually want to reach the highest positions, since I didn’t like what it did to my personality. I consciously re-learned to be a woman. Not that it was particularly difficult; it was my true nature all along.

I have no idea how the unisex ideal affected the boys around me. They too were brought up in a ‘unisex’ way.

I can tell you this though: In Sweden it is not common for men to help women with bags on public transport. Also, men expect women to regard sex in the same way as they do (i.e. casual unless expicitly stated otherwise…) They normally do not pay on dates, walk women home or pull out the chair for you etc.. Imagine my surprise when these things happened in England. I felt like a princess!

Until quite recently, every time I noticed a difference between me and men I kept thinking; this is wrong… I ought to be like the men… I felt like I was letting other women down unless I constantly strived towards the male ‘ideal’ that was set for Swedish women. I forced myself to carry heavy things (hurt my back badly when I moved!) to take work extremely seriously (with the result that I got very stressed out) and to never to be scared or cry. These were girly, i.e. bad things. But let me tell you, it’s hard work hiding your true nature and pretending to be something you are not! (I still do it all the time, at work .)

Discovering that being feminine is not a ‘crime’ (in fact, it can be a positive thing) was a big revelation for me. I don’t actually want to be like a man!

I wish Northern European society would stop denying women the opportunity to be female! What good does it really bring? Who benefits? Northern European women constantly come out as the most stressed and unhappy people around.

But even writing this, I feel guilty, like some kind of reactionary in society, a traitor to my gender or relic from the past; un-fit for this modern world. I would never dream of admitting to any of my friends or family that I actually prefer housework to salaried work, or that my current sense of fulfillment stems not from my successful career in IT, but from the charity work that I do with the elderly.

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Saturday 17th February, 2007

Sweden: Introduction

This information is intended for people who do not know much about Sweden. Since moving to the UK I have been surprised at how many people mix up Sweden and Switzerland… (Luckily Switzerland is a terrific country, so things could be a lot worse!) EuropeSweden is at the top, in the centre! Another thing that surprises me is when people ask me whether I am a Catholic or a Protestant.

Well, if they know I am from Sweden, then they should already know the answer!

Actively practicing or not, practically everybody in Scandinavia is a Protestant! (Just like practically everyone in Spain or Italy is a Catholic.)

HEAD OF STATE: The Head of State is King Carl XVI Gustaf who is married to Queen Silvia and has three children; Crown Princess Victoria, Carl Philip and Madeleine.

GEOGRAPHY AND SIZE: Sweden is the third largest country in Europe, located at the very North of the continent. The upper 1/5 is above the Arctic Circle. Sweden borders Norway to the West, Finland to the East and Denmark to the South.

Previously, the Soviet Union was on the other side of the Baltic Sea; uncomfortably close… Now that the Soviet Union is gone, we find that these neigbours are in fact our good friends, the Balts (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) as well as Poland and the Russian city-state of Kaliningrad. (Up until the second world war, Sweden had excellent relations with the Baltic area, however during the Cold War, Soviet policy towards the West put a stop to this. Our friends from the other side of the Baltic Sea became suspect strangers. Occasionally during the Cold War, some Balts would defect to Sweden on a raft or similar, causing plenty of drama!)

The Swedish Royal Family             The Swedish Royal Family
POPULATION: 9 million. The language is Swedish, spoken by everybody. Sami (the language of the Lapps, a minority group in the North) is also an official language, along with Finnish, I believe. Sweden has accepted a lot of labour immigration (in the 1970s and 1960s) and refugees (1980s to present.)

As a result approximately 10% of the population are first or second generation immigrants from among others Turkey, Chile, Somalia and Iran. This figure is much higher in the largest cities; Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmoe.

FLAG: Yellow and Blue, symbolising a golden cross against a blue sky!

Politics

Sweden has been governed mainly by the Swedish Social Democratic Party for over 70 years. This has resulted in an economy that is fundamentally capitalist but has been very strongly influenced by socialism. Rental flats and child-care are examples of goods and services which are heavily subsidized and/or price-controlled.

The entire Swedish population today has grown up under the shadow (protection?) of socialism, taking welfare and constant harsh criticism of capitalism for granted. Swedish Flag Typical Swedish house + flagSome socialist practices still going on today are so ingrained in society that no political party even dares to question them. Too many people’s lives would be seriously affected.

The fall of communism in Europe brought about some minor change on the political scene in Sweden, as it was proven that communism and socialism were not sustainable political models. The Swedish Communist and Socialist political parties amended their manifestos and the Communist party even changed it’s name to ‘The Leftist Party’ and distanced itself from the policies of the former Soviet Union.

But despite the fall of Communism, the majority of Swedes continued to vote for either of these two left wing parties with one exception up until the general election 2006 when the ‘Middle Way’ parties were elected into power. Swedish 1 May Parade 2005Swedish 1 May Parade, 2005 In terms of people’s worldview and personal opinions, Sweden may in fact be the most socialist country in Europe today, depending on how you define it. I think this is slowly beginning to change though. What do you think?

During both world wars as well as the Cold War, Sweden was ‘neutral’ and did not get involved. It was one of very few countries that escaped unharmed from both world wars. In fact, the Swedish mainland has never been invaded by foreign powers, with the exception of Denmark taking an interest in the Southern-most tip of the country several hundred years ago.

The Vikings

Swedish Vikings 400-1100 AD explored mainly to the East (Russia, Poland and the Near East) and as a result have less of a violent reputation than the Danish and Norwegian Vikings who sailed West, regularly attacking settlements on the British Isles or in North West Europe.

The Swedish Vikings however, usually crossed the Baltic Sea and sailed down along the rivers of Russia and the European mainland. They were regular visitors to Istanbul in Turkey (called Constantinople at the time) and they also ventured deep deep into Russia, Belarus and the Ukraine where they were able to access trading routes into Asia. Vikings hence traded with merchants from the Far East and are said to have got along well with Cossacks, Turks and many others who lived in the areas they visited.
.Swedish VikingsSwedish Vikings: Violent Bullies or Misrepresented?
Archeological findings of a Buddha statue dating from 400 AD, as well as other products originating from the Far East show how far the Vikings’ contacts reached. In many cases, Vikings had rune-stones made to commemorate their trips abroad; these have been a great testimony of how the Vikings travelled and what they did on those trips.

(Occasionally they did actually live up to their violent reputation though, plundering and capturing locals as slaves whom they brought back home to use as labour. This was not the norm though! )

The Viking era ended in Scandinavia when the area became Christian around 1100 AD. (The Viking lifestyle wasn’t compatible with Christianity!) The religion of the Vikings; ‘Asatru’ , i.e. the worship of the Norse Gods such as Oden (Odin), Tor and Freja (Freia) was gradually replaced with Christianity over a period of a couple of hundred years, AD 1050 and onwards. Some traditions of the Vikings are still practiced in Scandinavia though, thinly disguised as local-flavour Christianity.

Middle Ages and Protestant Reformation

During the Middle Ages Sweden was in a Union with the other Scandinavian countries; Norway and Denmark. Finland was also part of the union, but not as an independent country; it belonged to Sweden at the time. Just like in the rest of Europe, the nation-state as we know it today did not yet exist. Local princes were at war with each other on and off across the area and the inhabitants of the ‘country’ were mainly only united by the fact that they spoke the same langauge.

In the early 1500s Sweden became unified as a country under King Gustav Eriksson Vasa. At the same time the country also became Protestant. The reformation in Sweden was a quick and efficient process, at least compared with how it worked out elsewhere. Sadly plenty of damage to historical buildings was done by over-zealous reformers who painted over beautiful church-wall decorations with white chalk and destroyed art that they felt was too inspired by Catholic beliefs.
Gustav Vasa Gustav Vasa, country founder
During centuries following the protestant reformation of the country, Sweden became a local empire, controlling Norway, Finland, part of the Baltic States and even parts of Germany. It participated in a number of wars on the European continent and in Russia.

The Swedish empire fell apart during the 18th century at which point Sweden began forming close ties first with France, then later Germany which is more similar to Sweden in its language and culture. The close ties with Germany lasted until the Second World War. My grandmother learnt German as her first foreign language in school, just like I learnt English as my first foreign language.

The War and It’s Aftermath

In the era after the war, the Social Democratic Party has been in power for all but a few years. This has influenced the entire structure of the country, from the appointment of judges and educational leaders to the appointment of bishops in the (national) Lutheran Church (which is effectively a state organ).

In addition, the media is also strongly tainted to the left and Social Democracy now permeates the country down to its very core. Over the last 70 years Social Democracy has managed to perpetuate itself in all parts of Swedish society and even form an alliance with both the national unions and the major businesses and financial institutions of the country. As a result, Sweden now has a rather unique mish-mash of socialist and capitalist institutions co-existing in harmony.

Ex-prime minster Olof Palme (1927 – 1986) personifies this state of affairs quite well in that he was a socialist albeit from an upper-class background. Famously he got along very well with the industry leaders of the country while still being a strongly committed socialist. He regularly voiced criticism towards the United States, particularly it’s foreign policy.

The only available (two, state owned) TV channels during Palme’s years in power were strongly tainted from a socialist perspective which influenced the generations growing up watching it. (I count myself to that generation.) Even children’s programmes regularly had a socialist edge to them!

There was very little diversion or opposition to the Social Democratic view of the world which was more or less consistently published in Swedish media for many decades. A kind of self-sensorship was going on whereby a lot of important policy-decisions were never challenged despite being far from unambigous.
Olof PalmeSocialist, Aristocrat, Prime Minister
Really, you could say that Social Democracy and Political Correctness became the new religion in Sweden as the Church of Sweden lost it’s position as a force to be reckoned with in society.. It is generally agreed that the main national School of Journalism in Stockholm was (is?) 100% ‘red’. This school has been turning out well-trained but also socialist-biased professionals year after year since the 1940s. As you can imagine, this has had a very significate impact on the political climate in media!

Olof Palme was active in Swedish politics for over thirty years
and had a huge impact on the country, following in the tradition of previous long-term socialist prime ministers Per Albin Hansson and Tage Erlander. Palme was murdered while walking home (without bodyguards) from a Stockholm cinema with his wife in 1986. The murder is still unsolved.

Joining the EU

Sweden was ‘neutral’ during the Cold War, not associated with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact. For this and other reasons, Sweden stood outside of the European Union until after the Cold War had ended and there had been a national referendum about whether to join the union or remain loosely associated with it through the EES.

It took a lot of convincing on the part of those in favour of joining (i.e the political and financial elite) in order to get the population to vote ‘Yes’!

The referendum, taking place in 1994, was a very close call indeed, as most Swedes had initially been against Sweden joining the EU. (Not surprinsing really, after decades of negative reporting about the EU in the media!)

Hence the campaign proceeding the referendum was a rather odd affair as it actually turned out that the population at large, at this point, was more socialist than the Social Democratic Party itself! (The Party had become aware of the financial reality of the situation and turned away from its previous position on EU membership. The people however were not so quick to catch on..)

The types of reservations that people had against joining the EU were mainly along the lines of “The EU will destroy the welfare state”; “The EU is an elitist organisation that is really mainly out for financial gain at the expense of the third world / working class et.c…. ” Anti-EU Cartoons Anti-EU Cartoons; Witty but mainly nonsense!There was also some anti-German sentiments, added to the average Swedish person’s suspicion against the general competency and efficiency of any country in the Southern part of Europe…

The campaign for a ‘Yes’ vote was sponsored by business organisations and all political parties with the exception of the Leftist party. I think it would be fair to say that the ‘Vote Yes’ campaign was much better sponsored than the ‘Vote No’ campaign… Private enterprises realised that they would be in a really difficult situation should there was a ‘No’ vote. Hence they litterally threw money at the ‘Yes’ campaign!

They got away with it as the Social Democrat party leadership themselves supported the Yes vote.

(How awkward for them that the actual party members had been so brainwashed to dislike the EU that they didn’t (initially) follow the party line and support membership!)

However, in all honesty, it has to be said that from a financial perspective the playing field wasn’t exactly equal on this vote. With excellent resources at their hands, the ‘Yes’ campaign managed to significantly swing public opionion within a period of about a year. The ‘Yes’ campaign won the referendum with 50.5% of votes, or something like that.
I was a student at the time and actually did some campaign work for the ‘Yes’ side. It was a lot of fun!

Sweden joined the European Union in 1995. In another referendum in 2004, Sweden voted not to adopt the Euro as national currency for the time being. I think it is obvious to everybody that this is a temporary state of affairs. Whereas a financially and politically influential country like the UK can possibly afford to decline the Euro, Sweden cannot.

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